@article{ author = {MohammadHasany, Reza and Rastegar, Ki}, title = {Simulation of container operations in the marshaling yard – case study: Aprin station}, abstract ={In this project, an attempt has been made to investigate the loading/unloading operations for container loads on a at the Aprin station with a simulation approach. Simulation is an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system whose performance is examined over time. In this study, Aprin station was selected as the largest railway station for container transport in Iran. To find out the detailed operation in this station, a field visit was performed and the details of the operation and the probability function of activity times were obtained. Based on the field visit, a discrete event simulation model was developed and Python language was used to implement it. The results of comparing the actual data and the output of the simulation model show that with a probability of more than 99%, the simulation model describes the reality.  }, Keywords = {Simulation, Container, Loading and unloading, Stacker}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.293}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {AhadiAkhlaghi, Iman and Kahrobaee, Saeed and HosseinNorouziSahraei, Norouzi Sahraei and AkhlaghiModiri, Farz}, title = {Design and fabrication of a non-destructive system to detect rail corrugation}, abstract ={The present paper proposes a technique that is capable of inspecting the rail head for corrugation before and after the grinding process with high accuracy and repeatability. The heads of the rails, at certain places, are found not straight but corrugated i.e., with a wavy surface. This phenomenon is called corrugation. It is one of the common defects of railway lines that if it is not eliminated in time by grinding operations, could cause a lot of damage. Considering the importance of inspecting the issue of the railways, the application of nondestructive methods can be an effective step to detect the defects and, consequently, prevent irreparable damage to the railway industry. In this research, a device equipped with an accelerometer has been designed and fabricated to detect and measure corrugation. The proposed system generates an immediate qualitative and numerical report to predict a proper maintenance action or check the quality of the grinding. The implemented system is part of the RDD-S11 rail defect detector equipment and is currently in use in Mashhad Urban Railway Company.}, Keywords = {Rail defects, Corrugation, Accelerometer sensor, Non-destructive equipment}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.302}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Darvishi, Mehdi and Ghaderi, Mahnoosh and Ashofteh, Roya Sadat and Owhadi, Ami}, title = {3D finite element analysis of wheel-rail profiles in different contact conditions}, abstract ={In the field of wheel-rail contact, many researches have been done into rolling profiles in this paper, three wheels from passenger wagons and two standard rails UIC60 and U33 are considered. The calculation of contact parameters including contact surface dimensions, stress, and pressure makes it possible to investigate wheel and rail profile conformity in different contact conditions including straight track, curving, and crossing. Hertz contact method and finite element analysis were used for this purpose. The comparison of mentioned parameters for six pairs of wheel and rail was conducted. The results show that in the case of straight track and curving wheel III has smaller contact stresses and pressures but in the case of crossing wheel I represents an acceptable performance in contact with rail UIC60. Taken together, the results indicate a weak performance of rail U33 in all cases.}, Keywords = {wheel-rail profiles, contact pressure, Hertz theory, FEM}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-24}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.307}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kardanian, Alireza and HosseiniTehrani, Paris}, title = {Assessment of collision-induced derailment of single wheelset on curved tracks by rail removing and lateral impact}, abstract ={Significant lateral and vertical impact forces can cause a derailment on the curved tracks. In this work, we try to indicate the similarities and differences between derailment modes on the curved track due to the lateral impact, considering the position and importance of the impact force itself and the rail removal. The obtained results may be used to design the passive safety systems. A wheelset with six degrees of freedom is considered, and the impact force is applied as a step function for both considered scenarios. In a curve with a large radius (above 4000 meters), the derailment modes become similar to the straight track. In the smaller radius curves, it is seen that the anti-clockwise derailment is more likely. But this derailment process takes more time in comparison with the clockwise (toward the center of the curves) derailment. The higher velocity of the wheelset leads to a shorter derailment time. In the case of the rail removal, velocity above 50 m/s affects the derailment significantly, and removing the outer rail in the curved track cause derailment while removing the inner rail will not cause derailment under any circumstances. }, Keywords = {Keywords: derailment, curve, wheelset, impact, rail}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.306}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Solihu, Habeeb and Sekasi, Jackson and KumarPradip, Ray}, title = {Performance Comparison of the Railway Stations: A Case of North-South of the Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia}, abstract ={Aside from providing services and infrastructure for the mobility of people and goods, sustainable transport is a cross-cutting accelerator that can fasttrack progress towards other crucial goals such as SDGs 1, 4, 5, and 13; as such, it is imperative in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This, therefore, serves as the impetus for this study. This study administered about two hundred and forty (240) questionnaires to railway transportation passengers and was analyzed to compare the performance of the Railway Stations along the North-South Axis of the Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AA-LRT). Six (6) out of seventeen (17) stations along this axis were considered for this study, not only because they comprise terminal stations but also, because they are situated in highly populated areas with high demand potential. The stations were categorized and the comparison was based on the passengers’ perspectives on the selected performance indicators. Also, because the data are dichotomous, Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to model a relationship equation between the dependent variable (level of performance) and the performance indicators (predictors). The selected stations were ranked according to their performances while conclusions and recommendations were suggested to further enhance their performance for customers’ satisfaction. Finally, adopting the methodology in this study for investigating the performance of railway stations elsewhere in the world is recommended.  }, Keywords = {Light Rail Transit, Logistic Regression Model, Performance Indicators, Railway Stations, Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Cities}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.304}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {sattari, sajjad and saadat, mohammad and Mirtalaie, Sayed Hasan and Salehi, Mehdi and Soleimani, Ali}, title = {Modeling and simulation of a freight train brake system}, abstract ={Railway brake system is a very complex process with great effect on traffic safety. This complexity originates from some different events in types of mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc that occur by braking. Main effective factors on performance and brake system function are braking force, speed of the vehicles, braking/stopping distance, condition of railway, and environmental parameters. In this paper, a freight rail transportation system is modeled using universal mechanism (UM). The under analysis train includes two electric locomotives and 50 open wagons and the braking system is simulated in-service braking mode. First, the parameters of coupling force, braking force, brake cylinder pressure, braking distance, and speed (per initial speed of 30 m/s) are examined and evaluated, then the effect of friction coefficient (between wheel-pad) for different types of pads, maximum braking force, and maximum coupling force were evaluated. One of the results showed that application of two different materials, gray-iron, and composite, as a brake pad: (i) does not have a significant effect on the maximum coupling force, but (ii) the maximum braking force on the composite material in 1-2 wagons is about -120 kN and in 3-52 wagons is about -95 kN, while these values ​​in gray-iron are about -40 kN and -28 kN for 1-2 wagons and 3-52 wagons, respectively.}, Keywords = {Railway, Braking system, Universal mechanism (UM), Braking force, Brake cylinder pressure}, volume = {9}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.300}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {sattari, sajjad and saadat, mohammad and Mirtalaie, Sayed Hasan and Salehi, Mehdi and Soleimani, Ali}, title = {Modeling of a rail suspension system to investigate vertical vibration and effective parameters on it}, abstract ={Railways as a dimension of transportation infrastructure has been widely welcomed in developed and developing industrial countries because of the ability to carry heavy loads over long distances, more safety, less depreciation, less cost, less pollution, etc. Therefore, knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the railway is essential for designers and builders. It is very important to study the vibration and affected parameters including the specifications of the car-body, bogie, primary and secondary suspension system, track condition, rail specifications, etc., to assess the ride comfort and maintenance. This paper analyzes the effect of different parameters of a rolling stock on vertical acceleration and ride comfort by modeling a rail vehicle using MATLAB/Simulink. The First quarter of bogie suspension system was performed with step input conditions based on mathematical equations, and then the displacement, speed, and acceleration performance of the system were evaluated and validated. Finally, the effects of rolling stock parameters such as mass, and primary and secondary suspension parameters on vertical vibrations and ride comfort using root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations and Sperling comfort index were evaluated. One of the results showed that changing the parameters of the secondary suspension (K1, C1) has the greatest effect on the RMS acceleration of the car-body and ride comfort. By 50% reduction in the value of K1 and C1, the value of ride comfort (Wz) decreases about 14% and increases about 9%, respectively. }, Keywords = {Rail vehicle, RMS acceleration, MATLAB/Simulink, Ride comfort, Suspension system}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.299}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Petoft, Hamed and Fakhari, Vahid and Rahi, Abbas}, title = {Vibration Analysis of a Hybrid Levitation Pod with Compressor Unbalanced Force in Hyperloop System}, abstract ={Hyperloop Transportation Technology (HTT) is a worldwide invention proposed by Elon Musk in the last decade. This system works based on moving an ultra-high-speed capsule-shaped vehicle called a “pod” into low-air pressure tubes. In this paper, we conceptually designed a largesized industrial pod equipped with an axial compressor. Also, we considered an unbalanced centrifugal force on the compressor blades. The novel-designed pod has two suspensions simultaneously, including magnetic levitation (EMS kind) and air cushion technology. We applied the air cushions to overcome the overall weight of the pod. Also, we used magnets for the motion stability of the pod. The present study proposes a 5-DOF dynamic model for the system containing the pod’s vertical and lateral displacements and the body pitching, rolling, and yawing angles. In this regard, the natural frequencies are verified using simulating the system in ADAMS software. Afterward, we analytically calculated the natural frequencies and system responses by applying the impedance matrix method. In the numerical results, we analyzed the pod responses, when the resonance phenomenon occurs for undamped and damping cases. Results showed oscillations increased by increasing the unbalancing parameter. We finally investigated the effect of two main design parameters containing the pod’s total mass and stiffness of the air cushions on the natural frequencies. Increasing the air cushion’s stiffness and decreasing the total mass generally increase the natural frequencies. }, Keywords = {Hyperloop, EMS, Air cushions, Unbalancing parameter, Frequency, Resonance.}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.308}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Farahani, Ali and DavodabadiFarahani, mostafa and Abolmasoumi, Amir Hossein and Sheykhifar, Rez}, title = {Robust Wide Area Measurement and Control Systems in Railway Smart Network}, abstract ={In this article, a wide area measurement and control system (WAMC) in the railway network is prepared for online monitoring and centralized control of rail vehicles with the aim of creating a smart railway network. The provided wide area measurement and control system increases safety in the movement of rail vehicles. This system can be used to improve the performance of the railway traffic control electric signal system. This system performs three main tasks. First, it performs the task of monitoring the rail network and estimates the current speed and location of all rail vehicles, then identifies dangerous situations, and finally sends the necessary control commands to the control systems for safe movement. For this purpose, we first use the GPS system and Kalman filter to locate railway vehicles and monitor them online.  Then, using an algorithm, we identify dangerous positions in the railway network, and finally, the control command is given to the control systems. Moreover, to address the problem of outliers among measurement data, an outlier detection criterion is presented, followed by designing a generalized maximum-likelihood unscented Kalman filter (GM-UKF). }, Keywords = {Railway Smart Network , Robust State Estimation in Railway Network, Wide Area Measurement Systems , Wide Area Control Systems ,Dangerous Situations in Railway Network}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.313}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Havaei, Pedram and Sandidzadeh, Mohammad Ali}, title = {A New Design for Audio Frequency Track Circuits using Rail Resistance in Oscillator}, abstract ={In the railway industry, track circuits are of great significance to ensure safe transportation and avoid crashes and accidents. These circuits majorly determine the existence of a train on sections of rail path called tracks using the conductivity properties of rail steel as a part of the circuit. In this paper, the problem of high implementation costs and blind spots for audio frequency track circuits is considered and solved. As the novelty of this work, a new structure for frequency track circuits is proposed leading to the elimination of all on-rail receivers and precise train positioning. The rail resistance is taken into account in the transmitter circuit to affect the amplitude of signals based on the traveled path. Moreover, a new topology is suggested to amend the audio frequency track circuit in order to decrease costs and remove blind spots as well. Compared to other track circuits, the proposed method has the advantage of lower costs, and train’s location approximation without the use of GPS (global positioning system). The proposed method works with signals with frequencies within 80 to 180 Hz and the maximum length of track sections is set to 900 meters to restrict rail’s resistance effects. Finally, in the simulation section, the efficiency of the proposed method is studied, and its capability is proved.}, Keywords = {Track circuit, Safe transportation, Audio frequency track circuits, Rail resistance, Train positioning}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-60}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.312}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {MohammadHasany, Reza and Zarrinmehr, Amirali}, title = {Greedy approach to railways network design based on least-cost block expansions - case study: Iran’s railways network}, abstract ={Transportation problems are categorized into three levels: strategic, tactical, and functional, which have different level of budgets, level of decision makers, and horizon time. The problem of designing the rail network is one of the most important in the strategic level. In short, network design deals with how to allocate limited budget to expand the railway network infrastructure, in such a way that a certain objective function is optimized. The general form of the network design problem is a bi-level problem and falls in the category of NP-hard problems, which is difficult to solve even in small scales. In this article, a heuristic algorithm is presented to solve the problem of network design aiming at minimization of total expansion costs in the network. In each iteration, the algorithm performs a traffic assignment and extracts the overcapacity blocks of the network. Having the list of overcapacity blocks available, in a greedy approach, the algorithm selects the block with the minimum expansion cost and marginally increases its capacity. The process of iterations as such continues until the entire amount of input demand is transferred. This algorithm is implemented in Java and applied to the Iran’s railways network as the case study. Given the inherent multiobjective nature of in the problem, we also report "pseudo-pareto" solutions for the problem based on the two measures of network throughput and expansion costs and discuss the obtained solutions.  }, Keywords = {network design, greedy algorithm, railways of Iran, multi-objective optimization}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.309}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sandidzadeh, Mohammad Ali and MousaviGazafroudi, Mohammad and Soleymaani, Farzaad and Babaei, Mortez}, title = {Investigation of the Stabilization of the Trains Movement Timetable in Railway Traffic Control Systems}, abstract ={The stabilization of train timetables plays a significant role in railway operations. The main objective of this paper is to increase the robustness of traffic timetables. Robustness is analyzed by comparing previously used methods with newly implemented timetables through simulation, utilizing the ARENA tool. The model simulates all train departures and arrivals in the network during the daytime, employing three methods: train arrival at stations, train replacement at a central point, and route cancellation to avoid delays. This article aims to provide an understanding of robust timetables by examining and testing their stability. Robustness entails the ability of the timetable to return to the original schedule and recover despite disturbances, exhibiting low sensitivity to deviations. During disturbances, the timetable requires rescheduling, followed by the simulation to assess its robustness. However, this procedure is timeconsuming, making it unsuitable for short-term scheduling practices. This article examines different timetables, makes improvements to enhance their robustness, and compares and investigates the results. Various experiments are conducted and explained, including the assessment of the effects of different methods, examination of delays, and comparison of the effectiveness of different timetables on traffic timetable robustness. The simulation results demonstrate the relationship between robustness and the increase or decrease in the number of lines in the train timetables. Furthermore, the results reveal that the number of lines is not the sole factor affecting timetable robustness; dwell times at stations also have a significant impact. The article also highlights the necessary amount of dwell time to maintain robustness and emphasizes the importance of allocating dwell times effectively when all lines may utilize them. Additionally, the line structures can also influence robustness.}, Keywords = {Railway Traffic Control System, Train Movement Timetable, Delay Compensation, Robust Timetables}, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-84}, publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology}, doi = {10.22068/ijrare.310}, url = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijrare.iust.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Railway Research}, issn = {2423-3838}, eissn = {2423-382X}, year = {2022} }